Colombian Flora and Fauna

Fact

By Rick Segreda

Colombia has the highest concentration of diverse of species in the world, along with the greatest concentration of species indigenous to a particular region. Indeed, 10% of the entire world’s species live in Colombia, many of which can be found in Amacayacu National Park.  Colombia even has the largest number of land mammals on the planet. This includes such creatures as jaguars, pumas, tapirs, anteaters, sloths, armadillos, monkeys, and red deer -- 456 species total – of which 22% are at risk of extinction. Such as the spectacled bear – so named because the light fur around its eyes give it the appearance of wearing glasses. It is currently being challenged both by habitat loss through deforestation, and hunters who seek its claws for alleged fertility and vigor.

In addition to reptiles and amphibians, Colombia is home to an almost uncountable number of toucans, cockatoos, storks, cranes, parrots, vultures, and hummingbirds, with the largest being the Andean Condor. Notable as well is the huge Yubarta whale on the Pacific coast and the predator piranha in the Amazon rivers.

Colombia also has the highest concentration of diverse plants – over 130,000 species – including the highest amount of plant life – 55,000 species -- that is native only to its host country. Hot and humid regions in the Amazon basin give rise to high trees and dense vegetation, while dryer coastal regions are home to mangroves. Foliage similarly varies according to climate throughout the country.

Overall, Colombia is the second most diverse country in the world in terms of its concentration of flora and fauna species. Unfortunately, with most farm land owned by a minority of the country’s citizens, poor farmers are forced to seek new earth cultivate, often the very habitats of at-risk species of plants and animals, resulting in an ecological crisis. The “drug war” has also contributed to this as coca, marijuana, and poppy growers have escaped into virgin territory to grow their crops. And this problem is further exacerbated by the government’s plans to develop its economy through exploitation of its natural resources, resulting in massive deforestation.